Archives for June 2014

East Lothian Pupils Learn Chinese

If you live in East Lothian, chances are that in a primary school near you is a group of pupils who love nothing better than running around the playground singing “happy Birthday to you” in Chinese.

On 12 June, over 400 primary school pupils, teachers and parents gathered in Musselburgh to celebrate the hugely successful Early Learning of Chinese project . There was singing, traditional Chinese dancing, and even a Chinese version of the hokey-cokey – no mean feat!

Since October 2013, primary 1 students across East Lothian have been learning to speak Mandarin. Volunteers from the University of Edinburgh have visited the schools to help teach children (and their teachers!) how to count, name colours, introduce themselves, and even write simple words in Chinese.

Promoting language learning in Scotland

The student volunteers were awarded certificates by Dr. Judith McClure from the Scotland-China Education Network, to thank them for their contribution to the project.

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The hard work of the children, their teachers and parents was also praised by Fhiona Fisher of Scotland’s National Centre for languages: “the Early Learning of Chinese project is a great example of how we can work together to ensure that all Scottish children have access to learning a new language”.

She noted that a primary motivation for learning a new language is the recent University of Edinburgh research showing that speaking a second language can slow brain aging . Ms Fisher then thanked all the organisations involved in the project, including Bilingualism Matters.

“The most important thing is to have fun!”

Friedericke Sell is a Bilingualism Matters researcher who is comparing the pupils involved in the project with those who did not learn a new language this year. According to Friedericke, the success of the project is due to one thing: making learning fun. From visiting the pandas at Edinburgh zoo, to celebrating Chinese New Year; from dressing up to playing games – not forgetting that hokey-cokey! “The fact that children are having fun means they are learning without realising it, the way we learn our own language” explains Friedericke.

Of course, we are not expecting all these pupils to leave primary school speaking fluent Mandarin. But bilingualism is not just about those who speak a second language perfectly, from a very young age. It’s about everyone who uses another language, no matter when or where we learnt it. And these children are well on their way to using Chinese. The ultimate proof? Mr Zhang Huazhong, Deputy Chinese Consul General, attended the event and understood every word of the children’s Mandarin.

 

 

Speaking two languages may slow brain aging

Bilingualism has hit the headlines this week with the news that learning a second language might bring cognitive benefits in later life – even when that second language is acquired in adulthood.

The study was led by Dr. Thomas Bak at the University of Edinburgh, whose other work suggests that bilingualism might delay the onset of dementia. The current study looked at tests such as verbal fluency, in 835 native English-speakers aged 70 or older. Of these participants, 195 people had learnt a second language before 18, and 65 had learnt a second language after 18. The researchers compared people’s scores on the tests aged 70 with their IQ scores age 11.

The results showed that people who spoke a second language performed better on the tests than would be predicted from their early IQ results, relative to their monolingual peers. There were no differences between early versus late second language learners. In other words, learning a second language may slow brain aging.

These findings are important because they can help us answer the question of cause and effect. There are two possible reasons why bilinguals might show an advantage on cognitive tests. The first possibility is that people who have better cognitive ability to begin with are more likely to go on and learn another language. The second possibility is that learning a second language improves people’s cognitive ability. This study suggests that the second possibility is more likely – bilinguals did better on the tests than their childhood IQ scores would have predicted.

The fact that learning a language in adulthood seems to give the same advantage as learning a language in childhood is a highly relevant in the UK, where many people think that bilingualism only refers to people who grew up speaking two languages equally well. In fact, the advantages of bilingualism are relevant to anyone who uses a second language, whether they learnt it in the family, at school, or later on in the workplace. As Dr. Thomas Bak says, “Millions of people around the world acquire their second language later in life. Our study shows that bilingualism, even when acquired in adulthood, may benefit the aging brain.”

The study has been widely reported in the media including articles on the BBC health section, as well as daily news sites such as the Telegraph, the Times of India , and the Huffington Post , and science-specific sites such as Medical News Today, Science Daily, and
NHS Choices.

The full study “Does bilingualism influence cognitive aging?” was published online in the Annals of Neurology, on 2nd June 2014.